| Number Sense | Place value, patterns, friendly numbers | Number relationships, estimation | Factors, multiples, HCF/LCM patterns | Ratio & pattern reasoning | Rational / irrational number sense | Surds, approximation | Full number-system fluency & checks |
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| Speed & Accuracy | Complements to 10/100 | Complements to 1000, left-to-right addition | Timed 2-digit mental drills | 3-digit mental drills | Multi-step mental calculation | Exam-speed accuracy checks | Board-ready speed with self-verification |
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| Multiplication | ×5, ×9, ×11, doubling/halving | ×11, ×12, ×99, near-base numbers | Urdhva-Tiryagbhyam (2×2 digit) | 3×2, 3×3 digit crosswise | Binomial / polynomial multiplication | Generalised algebraic multiplication | Multi-term & applied multiplication |
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| Division | Division by 10, 5, 2 | Division near a base | Division using multiplication link | Transpose & apply (Paravartya) | Algebraic division | Polynomial division | Applied division in equations |
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| Squares & Cubes | — (introduced later) | Squares ending in 5, near-base squares | General squares, cube introduction | Square patterns | Squares/cubes near 100 & 1000; cube roots | Perfect squares, root estimation | Advanced square/cube applications |
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| Roots | — | — | — | Square-root patterns | Square/cube root estimation | Surd approximation | Mental square-root techniques |
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| Divisibility | Basic divisibility (2, 5, 10) | Divisibility patterns | Rules 1–10 | Divisibility + factorisation link | Divisibility in algebra | Applied to real numbers | Divisibility in problem-solving |
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| Problem Solving | Choose add/subtract strategy | Multi-method arithmetic | Method selection (Vedic vs. standard) | Algebraic problem strategies | Vedic vs. conventional comparison | Modelling real-world problems | Strategy selection under exam conditions |
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| Application | Confidence-building activities | Puzzles, pattern games | Fractions / decimals in context | Percentage, ratio in real life | Commercial arithmetic, statistics | Financial maths, mensuration | Capstone: one problem, three methods |
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